When moving or adjusting 3D model topology, linear algebra (vector math, matrix transformations) and basic calculus (derivatives for smoothness) are the most essential math tools.
Linear algebra handles core movements: Vectors represent vertex position/direction, while matrices combine translations, rotations, or scaling into one operation—ensuring topology moves accurately without distortion. Calculus ensures smooth deformations: Derivatives help gradualize changes (like bending an edge) so results don’t look jagged or unnatural.
For beginners, start with simple vector translations (e.g., moving a vertex along an axis) in tools like Blender—this lets you apply math concepts to real 3D actions without overwhelm.