N-gons are polygons with more than 4 sides, and they should be avoided in 3D modeling as they often cause issues in rendering, animation, or subdivision.
Their irregular vertex arrangement leads to unpredictable edge flow, making smooth shading or precise deformations difficult.
To avoid n-gons, split them into quadrilaterals (4-sided) or triangles by adding edge loops or connecting vertices, aligning edge flow with the model’s structure. If n-gons appear, use tools like "quadrangulate" in modeling software to convert them, though prioritizing quad-based topology from the start is more efficient.