In 3D rendering, transparency in materials works by simulating light interaction—including transmission, absorption, and reflection—to replicate real-world visual effects.
- **Opacity**: Controls light transmission. High opacity blocks most light (e.g., opaque plastic), while low opacity allows light through (e.g., clear glass). - **Refraction**: Bends light as it enters the material, distorting objects behind (e.g., a straw appearing bent in water). - **Surface reflection**: Some light bounces off the surface. Even transparent materials have subtle reflections (e.g., glass reflecting nearby lights), adding realism.
These parameters combine to mimic how light behaves, creating convincing transparent effects.