The purpose of applying bump maps to 3D models is to simulate surface texture and depth details efficiently without increasing the polygon count.
They achieve this by modifying surface normal information. Under lighting, the model appears to have raised or indented features (e.g., small bumps, rough textures), creating a realistic look without actual geometry changes.
This avoids complex, high-polygon geometry, reducing computational load. It’s ideal for real-time rendering in games, animations, or interactive apps where performance matters.
Thus, bump maps balance realism and efficiency, enhancing 3D model detail cost-effectively.