How do texture maps contribute to the realism of 3D models in visual effects?

Texture maps enhance the realism of 3D models in visual effects by simulating surface details and material properties that basic geometry alone cannot convey. They achieve this through key types: Color (albedo) maps set base hues, normal maps mimic small surface bumps, and roughness maps control light reflection—all making objects look tactile and lifelike. By layering these maps, 3D models gain depth, ensuring visual effects feel authentic and true to life.